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Belegost

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WikiProject Middle-earth has suggested that this article or section be merged with Beleriand. (Discuss)

Belegost (Great Fortress) Place from J. R. R. Tolkien’s legendarium Other names Mickleburg (Anglicization) Description Dwarf colony Location The Ered Luin, East Beleriand Founder Dwarves of the First Age Lord Dwarf lords of the city. King Azaghâl is the only one mentioned Middle-earth portal In the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien, Belegost was one of two Dwarven cities in the Ered Luin. Belegost translates from Sindarin as “Great Fortress”. The dwarves called it by its Khuzdul name, Gabilgathol of unknown meaning, and although Tolkien used Mickleburg as an Anglicization of the Westron form of the name, this would clearly have been retrospective, as Westron, ‘the common speech’ did not begin to develop until centuries after Belegost’s destruction. It lay to the north of its neighbouring dwarven city Nogrod, and was the home of the Dwarven people known as Broadbeams. Both clans were early trading partners of the Sindar in Beleriand. Belegost’s only named king, Azaghâl, lived in the First Age, and forged a firm alliance with the Noldorin Prince Maedhros after the latter rescued him from an orc ambush. Towards the end of the Nírnaeth Arnoediad, Azaghâl was killed in combat with Glaurung, the Father of Dragons, but his attack wounded it so badly that Azaghâl’s debt to Maedhros was repaid: the remaining Noldor were able to escape from certain destruction when the wounded Glaurung fled the field along with all his brood. In the years after the battle, the surviving Dwarves of the Mickleburg did not join the Dwarves of Nogrod in the Sack of Menegroth, and actually attempted to dissuade their friends from it. They thus saved themselves from the calamity of destruction inflicted upon the host of Nogrod by the Green-elves and the Ents, but even so, relations between the Eldar of Lindon and the Broadbeams must have been very poor, as “The Dwarves of Belegost were filled with dismay at the calamity and fear for its outcome, and this hastened their departure eastwards..” This departure had become inevitable following the War of Wrath, as Belegost was ‘ruined’ when the Blue Mountains were shrunk and broken at that time. Many Dwarves of Belegost indeed then departed eastwards forty years after the war, joining with Durin’s folk in Khazad-dûm, although some Broadbeams remained in the ruins of Belegost, in much reduced if independent circumstances. Bifur, Bofur and Bombur, who lived in the Blue Mountains until the events described in The Hobbit in the late Third Age, were not kinsfolk of Thorin Oakenshield, as were the rest of his dwarven companions during the Quest of Erebor: it seems at least possible that they were Broadbeam dwarves. v • d • e Dwarves from J. R. R. Tolkien’s legendarium Azaghâl · Balin · Bifur · Bofur · Bombur · Borin · Dáin I · Dáin II Ironfoot · Dís · Dori · Durin(s) · Dwalin · Farin · Fíli · Flói · Frár · Frerin · Frór · Fundin · Gamil Zirak · Gimli · Glóin, son of Gróin · Glóin, son of Thorin · Gróin · Grór · Ibûn · Khîm · Kíli · Lóni · Mîm · Náin I · Náin II · Náin, son of Grór · Náli · Nár · Narvi · Nori · Óin, son of Glóin · Óin, son of Gróin · Ori · Telchar · Thorin I · Thorin II Oakenshield · Thorin III Stonehelm · Thráin I · Thráin II · Thrór Kingdoms of the Dwarves: Belegost · Iron Hills · Khazad-dûm · Mount Gundabad · Lonely Mountain · Nogrod v • d • e Realms from J. R. R. Tolkien’s legendarium during the First Age Noldorin realms: Amon Ereb · Dor-lómin · Dorthonion · East Beleriand · Gondolin · Himlad · Hithlum · Maglor’s Gap · March of Maedhros · Nargothrond · Nevrast · Thargelion · Tol Sirion Sindarin realms: Falas · Doriath Avarin and Nandorin realms: Dorwinion · Lórinand · Ossiriand · Nan Elmoth Realms of the Edain (Men): Brethil · Dor-lómin · Estolad · Ladros Realms of the Ents: Fangorn · Forests of Eriador · Forests of South Beleriand Realms of the Dwarves: Belegost · Khazad-dûm · Nogrod Realms of the enemy: Angband · Dor Daedeloth · Utumno v • d • e Realms from J. R. R. Tolkien’s legendarium during the Second Age Realms of Men: Arnor · Gondor · Lond Daer · Númenor · Umbar Realms of the Elves: Dorwinion · Edhellond · Eregion · Lindon · Lórinand · Greenwood the Great · Rivendell Realms of the Dwarves: Belegost · Khazad-dûm Realms of the Ents: Fangorn Realms of the enemy: Cirith Ungol · Mordor v • d • e Realms from J. R. R. Tolkien’s legendarium during the Third Age Realms of Men: Arnor · Arthedain · Breeland · Cardolan · Dale · Dol Amroth · Dunland · Éothéod · Esgaroth · Gondor · Harad · Khand · Rhovanion · Rhudaur · Rhûn · Rohan · Umbar Realms of the Elves: Lindon · Lothlórien · Northern Mirkwood · Rivendell Realms of the Dwarves: Belegost · Erebor · Grey Mountains · Iron Hills · Khazad-dûm Realms of the Hobbits: Bree-land · Gladden Fields · The Shire Realms of the Ents: Fangorn Uncertain population: Dorwinion Realms of the enemy: Angmar · Barad-dûr · Dol Guldur · Isengard · Mordor

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belegost”
Categories: Middle-earth cities and townsHidden categories: Articles with topics of unclear notability from October 2007 | Tolkien articles of unclear notability | WikiProject Middle-earth to be merged | Articles to be merged since November 2007

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Glendale Municipal Airport (ICAO: KGEU, FAA LID: GEU) is a city-owned public-use airport located six miles (10 km) west of the central business district of Glendale, a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. According to the FAA’s National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2007-2011, it is categorized as a reliever airport.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Glendale Municipal Airport is assigned GEU by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA.

Facilities

Glendale Municipal Airport covers an area of 720 acres (291 ha) which contains one asphalt paved runway (1/19) measuring 7,150 x 100 ft (2,179 x 30 m).

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} FAA Airport Master Record for GEU (Form 5010 PDF), effective 2007-07-05
2. ^ FAA National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems: 2007-2011
3. ^ Great Circle Mapper: KGEU - Glendale, Arizona (Glendale Municipal Airport)

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Para Quando o Arco-Íris Encontrar o Pote de Ouro
Studio album by Nando Reis e os Infernais
Released	2000
Recorded	2000
Genre	Acoustic rock
Label	WEA
Producer	Nando Reis and Jack Endino
Nando Reis e os Infernais chronology
12 de Janeiro (1995) Para Quando o Arco-Íris Encontrar o Pote de Ouro (2000) Infernal (2002)

Para Quando o Arco-Íris Encontrar o Pote de Ouro (For When the Rainbow Finds the Golden Pot) is the second solo album released by Brazilian musician Nando Reis. The track “Relicário” was later recorded live by Cássia Eller on her Acústico MTV album, and would feature Nando Reis himself.

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Mediant

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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (September 2008)

The fourth chord in this example is built on the mediant (iii) and is found here in the circle progression on C: I-IV-vii^o-iii-vi-ii-V-I Play (help·info)

In music, the mediant is the third degree of the diatonic scale, being the “middle” note of the tonic triad.

In music theory, the mediant chord is symbolized by the Roman numeral III if it is major or iii if it is minor.

For example, in the C major scale (white keys on a piano, starting on C), the mediant is the note E; and the mediant chord is E-minor consisting of the notes E, G, and B. Therefore, Em is the iii chord in the C major scale. Also, in the A natural minor scale (same white keys, but now starting on A), the medient is the note C; and the mediant chord is C (or C-major) consisting of the notes C, E, and G. Therefore, C is the III chord in the A (natural) minor scale.

“Mediant” also refers to a relationship of musical keys. For example, relative to the key of A (natural) minor, the key of C major is the mediant, and often serves as a mid-way point between I and V (hence the name). Tonicization or modulation to the mediant is quite common in pieces written in the minor mode, and usually serves as the second theme group in sonata forms, since it is very easy to tonicize III in minor (no need to alternate notes). Tonicization of III in major is quite rare in classical harmony, compared with, say, modulation to the V in major, but mediant tonicization in major is an important feature of late romantic music.

In German theory derived from Hugo Riemann the mediant in major is considered the dominant parallel, Dp, and in minor the tonic parallel, tP.

This music theory article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediant”
Categories: Music theory stubs | Diatonic functions | Scale degreesHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from September 2008 | All articles lacking sources

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MSSTA

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rocket 36.049, carrying the MSSTA (silvery section at top), on the launch rail at White Sands Missile Range, May 1991. The personnel aboard the crane have just installed an arming plug into the payload to prepare it for launch.” src=”http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9a/MSSTA-launch.jpg” width=”200″ height=”355″ border=”0″ class=”thumbimage” />
Sounding rocket 36.049, carrying the MSSTA (silvery section at top), on the launch rail at White Sands Missile Range, May 1991. The personnel aboard the crane have just installed an arming plug into the payload to prepare it for launch.

The Multi-spectral solar telescope array, or MSSTA, was a sounding rocket payload built by Professor A.B.C. Walker, Jr. at Stanford University in the 1990s to test EUV/XUV imaging of the Sun using normal incidence EUV-reflective multilayer optics. MSSTA contained a large number of individual telescopes (> 10), all trained on the Sun and all sensitive to slightly different wavelengths of ultraviolet light. Like all sounding rockets, MSSTA flew for approximately 14 minutes per mission, about 5 minutes of which were in space — just enough time to test a new technology or yield “first results” science. MSSTA is one of the last solar observing instruments to use photographic film rather than a digital camera system such as a CCD. MSSTA used film instead of a CCD in order to achieve the highest possible spatial resolution and to avoid the electronics difficulty presented by the large number of detectors that would have been required for its many telescopes.

MSSTA and its sister rocket, NIXT, were prototypes for normal incidence EUV imaging telescopes that are in use today, such as the EIT instrument aboard the SOHO spacecraft, and the TRACE spacecraft. MSSTA flew three times: once in 1991 (NASA Sounding Rocket flight 36.049), once in 1994 (flight 36.091), and once in 2002. While Dr. Walker’s 1991 telescope was the first in the series to carry the MSSTA moniker, the precursor to the MSSTA, the Stanford/MSFC Rocket Spectroheliograph (NASA Sounding Rocket flight 27.092), which carried two EUV telescopes, was the first mission to successfully obtain high-resolution, full-disk solar images utilizing normal incidence EUV optics. The MSSTA I flown in 1991 carried 14 telescopes; the MSSTA II flown in 1994 carried 19 telescopes; and the MSSTA III flown in 2002 carried 11 telescopes.

Several Stanford Ph.D. degrees in Physics resulted from the MSSTA program. These include those earned by Dr. Joakim Lindblom, Dr. Maxwell J. Allen, Dr. Ray H. O’Neal, Dr. Craig E. DeForest, Dr. Charles C. Kankelborg, Dr. Hakeem M. Oluseyi, Dr. Dennis S. Martinez-Galarce, and Dr. Paul F.X. Boerner.

The MSSTA I payload, May 1991, during pre-launch assembly. Team members from left to right are Richard Hoover and graduate students Joakim Lindblom, Craig DeForest, Maxwell J. Allen, and Ray H. O’Neal are pictured behind the payload. The team leader, Dr. Arthur B.C. Walker, Jr. is not pictured.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSSTA”
Categories: Spacecraft instruments | Ultraviolet telescopes

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Dubai World Trade Centre on 4 May 2007

DWTC is the building in the middle (on 28 December 2007)

The Dubai World Trade Centre (DWTC) (Arabic: ???? ??????? ??????? ????) is a business complex in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, built by H.H. Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum. It is located along Sheikh Zayed Road at the Trade Centre Roundabout. The complex is comprised of the original tower (built in 1979), eight exhibition halls, the Dubai International Convention Centre, and residential apartments.

The 39-story office tower stands 149 metres (489 feet) tall and a majority of the floors are let commercially. At the time it was built, it was the tallest building in Dubai (and UAE) and the first high rise along Sheikh Zayed Road. The tenants of the building include Federal Express, General Motors, Johnson & Johnson, MasterCard International, Schlumberger, Sony, and the consulates of Italy, Japan, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United States of America. The building is featured on the 100 dirham banknote.

References

1. ^ Dubai World Trade Centre - Dubai International Convention and Exhibition Centre
2. ^ DWTC Tower

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Internet Online Music Awards

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• 02:53, 24 March 2008 MZMcBride (Talk | contribs) deleted “Internet Online Music Awards” ? (csd r1)

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Tom Froese

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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (April 2007)

Tom Froese (born November 29, 1952 in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario) is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He served as a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1995 to 1999.

Froese worked at Niagara Credit Union, Ltd. from 1971 to 1995, and served in several other local organizations. In 1991, he was named as Niagara-on-the-Lake citizen of the year.

Froese was elected to the Ontario legislature in the 1995 provincial election, defeating Liberal Gail Richardson by about 4,500 votes in the riding of St. Catharines—Brock (incumbent New Democrat Christel Haeck finished third). He served as a backbench supporter of Mike Harris’s government for the next four years.

In 1996, the Harris government reduced the number of provincial ridings from 130 to 103. This change meant that a number of sitting MPPs had to compete against one another for re-election in the 1999 campaign. Froese ran against veteran Liberal MPP Jim Bradley in the new riding of St. Catharines, and lost by over 7,000 votes.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Froese”
Categories: 1952 births | Living people | Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from April 2007 | All articles lacking sources

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Madstock

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Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madstock”
Categories: 1990s electronic album stubs | Candy Flip albums

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Fucile Mitragliatore Breda Modello 30
Type	Light machine gun
Place of origin	Kingdom of Italy
Service history
In service	1930 to 1945
Used by	Italy
Wars	World War II
Production history
Designed	1930
Manufacturer	Breda Meccanica Bresciana
Produced	1930 to 1945
Number built	?
Variants	Breda M37 (cal. 7.65 mm)
Specifications
Weight	10.6 kg
Length	1230 mm
Barrel length	450 mm
Cartridge	6.5×52mm Mannlicher-Carcano
Action	blowback
Rate of fire	~ 500 round/min
Muzzle velocity	630 m/s (2,066.4 ft/s)
Effective range	800 m
Maximum range	3000 m
Feed system	4 stripper cilps of 5 round stripper clip = 20 rounds

The Fucile Mitragliatore Breda modello 30 was the standard light machine gun of the Italian army during World War II.

The Breda 30 is widely regarded as a poor weapon. It had fragile clips, a slow rate of fire, used the underpowered 6.5×52mm cartridge and was prone to jamming.

It was magazine fed from the right side. The magazine was attached to the gun, and was loaded using brass or steel 20 round stripper clips.

This weapon is interesting in that it fired from a closed bolt alongside using Blowback for its action, and had a small lubricating device that sprayed oil on each cartridge as it entered the chamber. This system allowed the chamber and barrel to heat rapidly, which caused rounds to “cook off” (fire) before they were fully in the chamber. The oil from the lubrication also quickly picked up dust and debris, making the weapon highly prone to jamming during the North African Campaign.

Some Bredas were retooled as the M37 to take the 7.35 mm cartridge the Italians were attempting to adopt, but that was short-lived as production never allowed full adoption of the new calibre.

The Breda 30 was also mounted in a number of Italian armored fighting vehicles.

Firing from a closed bolt causes the round to cook off once sitting in the chamber, not during loading. Any MG can have an out of battery fire (firing before fully loaded) due to overheat, though open bolt guns do generally cool a little better.

This is a clear problem because when the round cook off the crew may be relocating (normal after extremely heavy firing), and there is a chance the barrel may be pointed in an unsafe direction(regardless of training and common sense).

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