Archive for November, 2008

Octavio Ocampo

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

Octavio Ocampo was born on 28 February 1943 in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. He grew up in a family of designers, and studied art from early childhood. At art school, Ocampo constructed papier mache figures for floats, altars, and ornaments that were used during carnival parades and other festivals. In high school, Ocampo painted murals for the Preparatory School and the City Hall of Celaya. Ruth Rivera, daughter of artist and muralist Diego Rivera, and Maria Luisa Mendoza encouraged him to attend the School of Painting and Sculpture of the National Fine Art Institute.

The talents of Octavio Ocampo are not limited to painting and sculpture, but also extended to acting and dancing. At the Art Institute of San Francisco, he studied all these disciplines and pursued both a film and theater career. In 1976, he began to devote himself solely to painting and sculpture.He now works primarily in the metamorphic style – using a technique of superimposing and juxtaposing realistic and figurative details within the images that he creates.

“I am fascinated by the forces of Good and Evil and the Sun (male) and the Moon (female). I live in Tepoztlan, which is a mountainous region southwest of Mexico City, and is considered to be one of the most magical places on earth. Like the Bermuda triangle, there is a strange and unexplained, but extremely powerful, confluence of magnetic forces seemingly concentrated in the Tepozteco Mountain.”

Works

Octavio Ocampo is one of Mexico’s most prolific artists.

Ocampo is known for several works in his sometimes wryly sardonic, sometimes evocative paintings in which detailed images are intricately woven together to create larger images - the optical illusions fading back and stepping forward as you study the pieces, notice the details, and finally recognize the large scale intention. This is what Octavio Ocampo terms his “metamorphic” style.

The Visions Fine Art Gallery in Sedona, Arizona represents Octavio Ocampo in the United States.

Several collections in Mexico contains his work, and individual works have been made for President Jimmy Carter (commissioned by President Lopez Portillo and was presented as a gift from the United Mexican States) , Jane Fonda, Cher (for the front and back covers of her latest album), and Cesar Chavez.

External links

  • Octavio Ocampo Official website

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Toeplitz algebra

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

In operator algebras, the Toeplitz algebra is the C*-algebra generated by the unilateral shift on the Hilbert space l2(N). Taking l2(N) to be the Hardy space H2, the Toeplitz algebra consists of elements of the form

where Tf is a Toeplitz operator with continuous symbol and K is a compact operator.

Toeplitz operators with continuous symbols commute modulo the compact operators. So the Toeplitz algebra can be viewed as the C*-algebra extension of continuous functions on the circle by the compact operators. This extension is called the Toeplitz extension.

By Atkinson’s theorem, an element of the Toeplitz algebra Tf + K is a Fredholm operator if and only if the symbol f of Tf is invertible. In that case, the Fredholm index of Tf + K is precisely the winding number of f, the equivalence class of f in the fundamental group of the circle. This is a special case of the Atiyah-Singer index theorem.

Wold decomposition characterizes proper isometries acting on a Hilbert space. From this, together with properties of Toeplitz operators, one can conlude that the Toeplitz algebra is the universal C*-algebra generated by a proper isometry; this is Coburn’s theorem.

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Wisconsin Heights Battlefield

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

Wisconsin Heights Battlefield
U.S. National Register of Historic Places

A 19th century painting of the battlefield

A 19th century painting of the battlefield
Location: Dane County, Wisconsin, USA
Nearest city: Sauk City (in Sauk County)
Built/Founded: 1832 (battle date)
Added to NRHP: January 31, 2002
NRHP Reference#: 01001553
Governing body: Lower Wisconsin State Riverway Board

Wisconsin Heights Battlefield is an area in Dane County, Wisconsin where the penultimate battle of the 1832 Black Hawk War occurred. The conflict was fought between the Illinois and Michigan Territory militias and Sauk chief Black Hawk and his band of warriors. Though the area is most significant for the battle, its history dates to far before Europeans set foot in the area. In the centuries before the war, the area was occupied by Mascoutens, Kickapoo and Miami. Those groups eventually migrated further south and were replaced by the Sauk and Fox tribes, who were fleeing their homeland following the Fox Wars. Today, the battlefield is managed and preserved by the state of Wisconsin as part of the Lower Wisconsin State Riverway. In 2002, Wisconsin Heights Battlefield was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, and is the only intact battle site from the Indian Wars in the U.S. Midwest.

Contents

  • 1 History
  • 2 Battlefield
  • 3 Significance
  • 4 Notes
  • 5 External links

History

Before the middle of the 18th century knowledge of the history of native tribes in area of Wisconsin Heights Battlefield is limited. Samuel de Champlain is said to have heard of native tribes living “many leagues beyond Lake Huron” during the 17the century. The group Champlain heard about was known as the “Fire Nation” or the “Mascoutens.” The Mascoutens, along with the Kickapoo and Miami were probably settled in the area around the Fox River and claimed much of the land to the south, including the battlefield, as their hunting grounds. Eventually, the Mascoutens, Kickapoo and Miami migrated further south along the shore of Lake Michigan.

The relocated Mascoutens were replaced by the influx of Sauk and Fox following the Fox Wars in the western Great Lakes and Detroit regions. After the conflicts, the remaining Sauk and Fox sought refuge together in lands further west, extending north from the Wisconsin River to the Illinois River in the south. Other settlements were established north of the Missouri River.

The area known as the Wisconsin Heights Battlefield was the site of the penultimate engagement of the 1832 Black Hawk War, fought between the United States state militia and allies, and the Sauk and Fox tribes, led by Black Hawk. The battle took place in what is now Dane County, near the present-day Sauk County–Dane County line. Despite being outnumbered and sustaining heavy casualties, Black Hawk’s warriors managed to delay the combined forces long enough to allow the majority of the Sauk and Fox civilians in the group to escape across the Wisconsin River.

An article in a September 1920 edition of the Madison Democrat described the battlefield as “beautiful and romantic.” Through the early 1920s the area remained privately owned. On a cloudless Labor Day, September 3, 1923, 500 people gathered at the battlefield for the dedication of a marker at the site. A four foot Bedford limestone marker was installed by a combination of the Madison Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), the Wisconsin Historical Society and the State Archaeological Society. The monument carried the following inscription:

WISCONSIN HEIGHTS BATTLEFIELD
Near this site the Sauk chieftain Black Hawk
and his band were overtaken by Wisconsin
and Illinois troops on July 21, 1832

For 30 years the DAR marker stood as the sole monument to the battle. The Wisconsin Historical Society installed a metal interpretive marker at the site in 1957. In 1989 Wisconsin Act 31 established the Lower Wisconsin State Riverway, a 92.3 mile stretch of the Wisconsin River which includes 79,275 acres from Prairie du Sac to the river’s confluence with the Mississippi River. The Riverway includes the Wisconsin Heights Battlefield, which is protected from future development because of its status as part of the Riverway. Historians continued to shed light on the Battle of Wisconsin Heights and in 1992 a new interpretive marker was installed. The site was dedicated by then-Wisconsin Governor Tommy Thompson in 1998 during Wisconsin’s sesquicentennial celebration.

Battlefield

At the time of the Black Hawk War the Wisconsin Heights Battlefield was a marshy area located in the hills along the Wisconsin River in present-day Sauk County, Wisconsin. The battlefield is located within the Black Hawk Unit of the state managed and owned Lower Wisconsin State Riverway, along Highway 78, about a mile south of County Road Y, south of Sauk City. There are trails, a historic marker and a parking area at the site. Though the area around the battle site does not include modern amenities, such as plumbing and toilets, the trails within the Black Hawk Unit of the Lower Wisconsin State Riverway stretch three miles over rugged terrain. One of the trails, the Wisconsin Heights Battlefield Trail, branches from the main loop and travels through the battle site.

The battlefield has three key areas affiliated with the clash that can be viewed at the modern-day site: “Militia Ridge,” where companies of Illinois and Michigan Territory militia formed up for battle; “Sharpshooter Lookout,” an overlook where Sauk and Fox warriors opened fire on the militia; and “Spy’s Ravine,” the area between the ridge and lookout. The whole of the battlefield is best viewed from Sharpshooter Lookout.

Significance

The area known as the Wisconsin Heights Battlefield is most obviously significant for the 1832 battle that occurred at the site. This significance led to its inclusion on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on January 31, 2002. The Wisconsin Heights Battlefield is one of five 1832 Black Hawk War battle sites listed on the National Register. The others are Kellogg’s Grove, Apple River Fort, Fort Blue Mounds, and Stillman’s Run. The Wisconsin Heights battle site is marked by an official Wisconsin historical marker. It is the only intact battle site from the Indian Wars found in the U.S. Midwest.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Cole, Harry Ellsworth, ed. A Standard History of Sauk County, Wisconsin: Volume I, Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1918, pp. 166-184. Available online via The State of Wisconsin Collection, University of Wisconsin. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
  2. ^ Lewis, James. “Background,” The Black Hawk War of 1832, Abraham Lincoln Digitization Project, Northern Illinois University. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
  3. ^ a b c McCann, Dennis. “Black Hawk’s name, country’s shame lives on,” Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel, April 28, 2007. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
  4. ^ Brandenburg, O.D. “Historic Site of the Black Hawk Battlefield at Wisconsin Heights, and pretty is the dale to which the Indians fled,” Madison Democrat, 26 September 1920, via Wisconsin Historical Society. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
  5. ^ a b “The Society and the State,” The Wisconsin Magazine of History, December 1923, Vol. VII, No. 2, p. 250 (p. 138 in PDF). Retrieved 16 September 2007.
  6. ^ a b c d The Battle of Wisconsin Heights, July 21, 1832: A Virtual Tour!, Old Lead Regional Historical Society. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
  7. ^ a b Lower Wisconsin State Riverway Board, official site, Retrieved 16 September 2007.
  8. ^ Smith, William Rudolph. The History of Wisconsin: In Three Parts, Historical, Documentary, and Descriptive, (Google Books), B. Brown: 1854, pp. 228-230. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
  9. ^ Hintz, Martin. Hiking Wisconsin, (Google Books), Human Kinetics: 1997, p. 103, (ISBN 088011567X). Retrieved 16 September 2007.
  10. ^ a b National Register Information System, National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
  11. ^ “Prairie du Sac and Sauk City, Highways 12, 60 & 78,” 9 December 2004, Lower Wisconsin State Riverway Board, official site. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
  12. ^ Gjestson, David. “In the shadow of Wisconsin Heights,” Wisconsin Natural Resources Magazine, June 1998. Retrieved 16 September 2007.

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Harry Frankfurt

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

Harry Gordon Frankfurt

Professor Frankfurt
Born May 29, 1929

Harry Gordon Frankfurt (born May 29, 1929) is a professor emeritus of philosophy at Princeton University. He previously taught at Yale University and Rockefeller University. He obtained his B.A. in 1949 and Ph.D. in 1954 from Johns Hopkins University. His major areas of interest include moral philosophy, philosophy of mind and action, and 17th century rationalism. His 1986 paper On Bullshit, a philosophical investigation of the concept of “bullshit”, was republished as a book in 2005 and became a surprise bestseller, leading to media appearances such as Jon Stewart’s The Daily Show. In 2006 he released a companion book, On Truth, which explores society’s loss of appreciation for truth.

Among philosophers, Frankfurt was for a time best known for his interpretation of Descartes’s rationalism, his account of freedom of the will (on which he has written numerous important papers) based on his concept of higher-order volitions, and for developing what are known as “Frankfurt counterexamples” (i.e., thought experiments designed to show the possibility of situations in which a person could not have done other than he/she did, but in which our intuition is to say nonetheless that he/she chose freely). However, his later work on love and caring is now equally discussed.

Contents

  • 1 Bibliography
  • 2 See also
  • 3 References
  • 4 Notes
  • 5 External links

Bibliography

  • (2006) On Truth. Random House, 112 pp. ISBN 0-307-26422-X. 
  • (2006) Taking Ourselves Seriously & Getting It Right. Stanford University Press, 104 pp. ISBN 0-80475-298-2. 
  • (2005) On Bullshit. Princeton University Press, 80 pp. ISBN 0-691-12294-6. 
  • (2004) The Reasons of Love. Princeton University Press. 
  • (1999) Necessity, Volition, and Love. Cambridge University Press. 
  • (1988) The Importance of What We Care about: Philosophical Essays. Cambridge University Press. 
  • (1971) Freedom of the Will and the Concept of the Person. Journal of Philosophy. 
  • (1970) Demons, Dreamers, and Madmen (The Philosophy of Descartes). Bobbs-Merrill. 

See also

  • Frankfurt counterexamples

References

  • Bischof, Michael H. (2004). Kann ein Konzept der Willensfreiheit auf das Prinzip der alternativen Möglichkeiten verzichten? Harry G. Frankfurts Kritik am Prinzip der alternativen Möglichkeiten (PAP). In: Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung (ZphF), Heft 4.
  • Frankfurt, Harry. “Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility”. In Reason & Responsibility: Readings in Some Basic Problems of Philosophy, edited by Joel Feinberg and Russ Shafer-Landau, 486-492. California: Thomson Wadsworth, 2008.

Notes

  1. ^ Feinberg; Shafer-Landau: Reason & Responsibility, p. 486.

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QS21

Sunday, November 30th, 2008

QS21 is a plant extract that may improve the ability of the immune system to respond to disease. It is derived from the Soap bark tree (Quillaja saponaria) found in the South American country of Chile.

The extract is a water soluble triterpene glucoside compound. It forms part of a family of plant-based compounds called saponins.

It is currently being tested as an adjuvant in various vaccines in attempts to improve their efficacy. It is believed to enhance both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

QS21 is currently under clinical evaluation as an additive for various trial vaccines, including those for HIV, malaria and cancer. As of 2002, it had been tested in more than 3000 patients in 60 clinical trials.

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Bay Pines, Florida

Saturday, November 29th, 2008

Bay Pines, Florida
Location in Pinellas County and the state of Florida
Location in Pinellas County and the state of Florida
Coordinates: 27°49?9?N 82°46?36?W? / ?27.81917, -82.77667
Country  United States
State  Florida
County  Pinellas
Area
 - Total 2.3 sq mi (5.8 km²)
 - Land 1.4 sq mi (3.6 km²)
 - Water 0.9 sq mi (2.2 km²)
Elevation 10 ft (3 m)
Population (2000)
 - Total 3,065
 - Density 1,332.6/sq mi (528.4/km²)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 33744
Area code(s) 813
FIPS code 12-04200
GNIS feature ID 0278218

Bay Pines is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. The population was 3,065 at the 2000 census.

Contents

  • 1 Geography
  • 2 Demographics
  • 3 Points of Interest
  • 4 References
  • 5 External links

Geography

Bay Pines is located at 27°49?9?N 82°46?36?W? / ?27.81917, -82.77667 (27.819235, -82.776658).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.8 km² (2.2 mi²). 3.6 km² (1.4 mi²) of it is land and 2.2 km² (0.9 mi²) of it (38.22%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,065 people, 1,465 households, and 879 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 851.4/km² (2,198.9/mi²). There were 1,728 housing units at an average density of 480.0/km² (1,239.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.91% White, 0.23% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.46% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.35% of the population.

There were 1,465 households out of which 17.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 19.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.66.

In the CDP the population was spread out with 15.8% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 31.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $32,456, and the median income for a family was $38,412. Males had a median income of $31,447 versus $24,886 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,041. About 1.2% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over.

Points of Interest

Bay Pines Veterans Hospital

Bay Pines National Cemetery

References

  1. ^ a b “American FactFinder”. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
  2. ^ “US Board on Geographic Names”. United States Geological Survey (2007-10-25). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
  3. ^ “US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990″. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.

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SmartEiffel

Saturday, November 29th, 2008

SmartEiffel
Developed by The SmartEiffel Team
Latest release 2.3 / July 17, 2007
OS Cross-platform
Type compiler
License GPL
Website smarteiffel.loria.fr

SmartEiffel is a free Eiffel compiler. It has been developed at the Lorraine Laboratory of Research in Information Technology and its Applications (LORIA), an institute affiliated to the French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control (INRIA), on the campus of Nancy-Université in Lorraine.

The project was initiated in 1994 by the French researcher Dominique Colnet. The compiler was then called SmallEiffel, in reference to the Smalltalk language. In 1995, the compiler was able to compile itself for the first time. In 1998, on the occasion of a visit to LORIA by Richard Stallman, the project became part of the GNU project. In December 2002, the project was renamed SmartEiffel and reached version 1.0. In September 2004, SmartEiffel reached version 2.0.

In May 2005, after divergences with the working group for the normalization of the Eiffel language, the SmartEiffel project announced that they would not implement the ECMA TC39-TG4 norm.

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War Crimes (The West Wing)

Saturday, November 29th, 2008

War Crimes
The West Wing episode
Episode no. Season 3
Episode 49
Written by Aaron Sorkin (teleplay)
Allison Abner (story)
Directed by Alex Graves
Guest stars Michael O’Keefe
Gerald McRaney
Tim Matheson
Mark Feuerstein
Renee Estevez
Bob Glouberman
Production no. 227205
Original airdate November 7, 2001
Season 3 episodes
  • Isaac and Ishmael
  • Documentary Special
  1. Manchester Part I
  2. Manchester Part II
  3. Ways and Means
  4. On the Day Before
  5. War Crimes
  6. Gone Quiet
  7. The Indians in the Lobby
  8. The Women of Qumar
  9. Bartlet for America
  10. H. Con-172
  11. 100,000 Airplanes
  12. The Two Bartlets
  13. Night Five
  14. Hartsfield’s Landing
  15. Dead Irish Writers
  16. The U.S. Poet Laureate
  17. Stirred
  18. Enemies Foreign and Domestic
  19. The Black Vera Wang
  20. We Killed Yamamoto
  21. Posse Comitatus
List of The West Wing episodes

War Crimes” is the 49th episode of The West Wing.

Plot

The President asks the reluctant Vice President to speak at an anti-gun rally in Texas after a church shooting, but the uneasy allies have a starkly candid showdown. The Vice President is not comfortable with gun control in general and being asked to condemn gun owners in his home state specifically. Though the two men spar on the issue, their conflict quickly boils down to A) Bartlet’s view that the VP ratted him out on the MS issue and B) the VP’s view that the President lied from the outset and misled him personally. The two men recognize the differences and agree to put them aside because, as they note, President Bartlet will not be re-elected without Hoynes on the ticket and Hoynes will not be President one day if he and Bartlet do not win re-election together.

Donna goes before a Congressional committee investigating Bartlet’s lack of disclosure. When asked by her inquisitor if she keeps a diary, she reflexively answers “no.” Clifford Calley, the lead counsel for the investigation, realizes she is lying: Donna and Cliff dated a few weeks back, and he saw the diary in Donna’s room after they slept together. Cliff follows Donna home and offers her a chance to confess, but she rebuffs him and turns to Josh for help. Josh is angry at Donna and angrier at Cliff, but brokers a solution that spares more public embarrassment for either of them.

Leo debates an old friend and Air Force officer about the United States’ future stance regarding the War Crimes Tribunal. The friend, an Air Force General, is opposed to the Tribunal because he is concerned that it will become an anti-American forum, and believes that American soldiers could be prosecuted under its authority. Leo argues that the tribunal will have a number of safeguards and is unconcerned about any potential threat to Americans. The General then reveals that, as a young pilot in Vietnam, Leo unwittingly committed a war crime when he bombed a civilian target that he had been told was a military target. Leo is horrified, and asks why the General would tell him such a thing. The General responds, “All wars are crimes”.

C.J. informs Toby that a comment of his that puts the President in an unfavorable light (saying the President would win re-election on the coattails of the VP) has been leaked to a reporter by a member of his staff. The reporter, who was just kicked out of Myanmar for exposing government involvement in drug trafficking, lets C.J. deal with the story before he does anything else. She tells Toby, and Toby surprises Josh by handling things maturely, calling a meeting of the staffers where he makes it clear that he’s very hurt but also that he respects all of them. The reporter later tells C.J. he’s not about to write a story on such a stupid matter when there are so many important events that should be investigated.

Sam tries to find common sense when a Congressman proposes legislation that would eliminate the penny.

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NGC 2787

Saturday, November 29th, 2008

NGC 2787

NGC 2787 as observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).
Credit: HST/STScI/AURA.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Ursa Major
Right ascension 09h 19m 18.5s
Declination +69° 12? 12?
Redshift 696 ± 8 km/s
Distance 24 ± 4 Mly (7.5 ± 1.2 Mpc)
Type SB(r)0+
Apparent dimensions visual light”>(V) 3?.2 × 2?.0
Apparent magnitude (V) 11.8
Notable features barred galaxy
Other designations
UGC 4914, PGC 26341
See also: Galaxy, List of galaxies

NGC 2787 is a barred lenticular galaxy approximately 24 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. In 1999, the Hubble Space Telescope took a look at NGC 2787.

LINER emission

NGC 2787 contains a low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER), a type of region that is characterized by spectral line emission from weakly ionized atoms. LINERs are very common within lenticular galaxies, approximately one-fifth of nearby lenticular galaxies contain LINERs.

External links

  • A Galaxy That’s All Wound Up
  • NGC 2787 at ESA/Hubble

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Estadio Armando Barillas

Saturday, November 29th, 2008
















Estadio Armando Barillas

Jump to: navigation, search

Estadio Armando Barillas is a soccer stadium located in Escuintla, Guatemala. It was built in 1999 and seats 10,000.

 This article about a sports venue in Guatemala is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio_Armando_Barillas”
Categories: Football venues in Guatemala | Guatemala stubs | Central American sports venue stubs

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